Spektrum Iran

Abstrakt This article aims regarding today's globally massive movements of immigration to explore the conception of pluralism in the tradition of liberalism. To do so, it draws on sociological concepts, such as flows and fluids capturing newly developed relations at the global level, to confine the problem and formulate its questions. Using these conceptions, it addresses also shortages in the understanding of pluralism in two influential theory formations, respectively, "liberal-egalitarianism" (Rawls), and "deliberative democracy" (Habermas). It discusses that Rawls' notion of pluralism neglects the consequences of a globalized world of immigrants. By the same token, it argues that Habermas' solutions for a "world democracy" in the face of the dynamized conditions and acceleration of global migration remain vulnerable. Another Harbermas idea suggestion, namely, developing and granting the basic human rights of immigrants and other marginalized based on “human dignity”, is argued that, provides no way for meaningful and established involvement in the host society. The concept of “experimental pluralism” that proposed by John Dewey and recently developed by Rahel Jäggi in purview of critical theory, this article suggests as an alternative solution and actualizes it by proposing three criteria of inclusion, accessibility, and permanent critique as features of “experimental pluralism” in the context of new forming world of flows and fluidities. Finally, by giving an example, makes this article its discussions sociologically sensitive.