Spektrum Iran

Abstract The international environment is global and the International Relations Theories as well. There are opposing poles between realist and constructivist approaches. International Relations Theories are developing different notions about the likelihood of a big war. The contrast between geopolitics and realism on the one hand, international institutions, interdependence and interconnectedness on the other hand, mirrors the philosophies of Thomas Hobbes and Immanuel Kant.
The „pluralistic security communities” of Karl Deutsch could guarantee peace through common responsibilities, accountability and values of sovereign states. The „international society” can according to Hugo Grotius be designed as „pluralist”, or according to Kant as „solidarist”. The theses of the „democratic peace” interprets Kant’s for peace striving republics as modern stable democracies. Smaller states can stay out of great power conflicts by demonstrating their usefulness in the sense of Kant’s republics that trade with one another and warrant hospitability. The international relations oscillate also in the era of globalization between association and dissociation.

Abstract Nothing in time and space is static. Everything, including people, is constantly changing. Humans are complex, social beings. The coexistence of traditions, cultures, religions, philosophies etc. has led to an ever-smaller world since the beginning of mankind. In this sense, globalization means i.e. movement and encounter in time and space. The perception of the constant changes in existence is an important step in the direction of acquiring transcultural competence. The understanding of one's own transcultural automatisms even more. The goal is to achieve personal and situation-specific communication and action security in everyday life, professionally and privately, or to optimize existing skills.

Abstract Intercultural communication has always been a chance to get acquainted with other societies. Due to the vast improvements of communicational technologies like Internet and social media, this chance is now more than any time in history available, which also provides certain people and certain organizations with the possibility to abuse this power for their own goals and benefits. In the age of information and in a world, where its people are more and more connected like the residents of a small village, the need to inform people about these goals is felt more than ever. This situation and its importance was a reason for a study on the history of intercultural communications between Iran and other countries, focusing on the communications between Iran and Germany.