Islamic Culture and Relations Organization Spektrum Iran 0934-358X 35 2 2022 11 01 Progress as self-hazard? On the rise and fall of civilizations Progress as self-hazard? On the rise and fall of civilizations 99 137 184306 DE Daniel Hildebrand Private lecturer Dr. Daniel Hildebrand, Frankfurt am Main; Germany Journal Article 2023 12 01 There is no obvious answer to this question: “What determines the rise and<br />fall of civilizations?”. This is a question that has been confronted for<br />thousands of years of research. The discipline of universal history, which<br />today is almost forgotten, was ultimately responsible for the same task as<br />the classical, especially ancient-historical historiography of past centuries<br />mostly felt obliged to a practical benefit. In this paper, an attempt is made to<br />offer a hypothesis based on which the causes of the rise and fall of a<br />civilization be determined.<br /><br /><br /> There is no obvious answer to this question: “What determines the rise and<br />fall of civilizations?”. This is a question that has been confronted for<br />thousands of years of research. The discipline of universal history, which<br />today is almost forgotten, was ultimately responsible for the same task as<br />the classical, especially ancient-historical historiography of past centuries<br />mostly felt obliged to a practical benefit. In this paper, an attempt is made to<br />offer a hypothesis based on which the causes of the rise and fall of a<br />civilization be determined.<br /><br /><br /> https://www.spektrumiran.com/article_184306_d30526fb9b48235b3ca0f8786f22127a.pdf