Spektrum Iran

SPEKTRUM IRAN (SPIR) is committed to maintaining the highest standards of publication ethics and research integrity. The journal follows internationally recognized principles of responsible scholarly publishing and promotes transparency, fairness, accountability, and academic integrity throughout the publication process.

SPEKTRUM IRAN is not currently a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). However, the journal’s publication ethics policies are developed in accordance with the principles and best practices recommended by COPE and other internationally recognized standards of ethical scholarly publishing.

These ethical principles apply to all parties involved in scholarly publishing, including authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher. All participants in the publication process are expected to uphold professional standards of integrity, confidentiality, and responsible academic conduct. For information on this matter in publishing and ethical guidelines please visit http://publicationethics.org

Responsibilities of the Publisher

The publisher of SPIR is committed to:

• Supporting editorial independence and ensuring that editorial decisions are based on academic quality, originality, relevance, and scholarly contribution.
• Maintaining the integrity and reliability of the published scholarly record.
• Providing appropriate mechanisms for addressing ethical concerns and allegations of misconduct.
• Ensuring transparency in journal policies and publishing practices.
• Supporting editors, reviewers, and authors in maintaining ethical standards.

The publisher does not interfere with editorial decisions for commercial, institutional, or personal interests.

Responsibilities of Editors

Editors of SPIR are responsible for:

• Ensuring fair, objective, and transparent editorial decision-making.
• Evaluating manuscripts based on their academic merit, originality, methodological quality, and relevance.
• Protecting the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts and related information.
• Managing the editorial process with integrity and impartiality.
• Avoiding conflicts of interest and declaring any circumstances that may influence editorial decisions.
• Ensuring that ethical concerns related to submitted or published manuscripts are appropriately investigated.
• Taking appropriate action when research or publication misconduct is identified.
• Ensuring that editorial decisions are not influenced by authors’ institutional affiliation, nationality, gender, ethnicity, religion, or other personal characteristics.

Editors and editorial board members must not use unpublished information from submitted manuscripts for personal or research purposes without the explicit permission of the authors.

Responsibilities of Reviewers

Reviewers contribute to maintaining the academic quality of the journal and are expected to:

• Provide objective, constructive, and scholarly evaluations.
• Maintain confidentiality regarding manuscripts and review materials.
• Assess manuscripts based on academic quality, originality, methodological rigor, and relevance.
• Identify important published works that have not been properly acknowledged.
• Inform editors of possible ethical concerns, including suspected plagiarism, data manipulation, or other forms of misconduct.
• Disclose any potential conflicts of interest and decline review assignments when necessary.
• Avoid using information obtained through peer review for personal advantage.

Responsibilities of Authors

Authors submitting manuscripts to SPIR are expected to:

• Ensure that their submitted work is original and represents their own scholarly contribution.
• Provide accurate and reliable information regarding their research.
• Properly acknowledge the work and contributions of other scholars.
• Ensure that all individuals listed as authors have made substantial contributions to the research and manuscript.
• Obtain approval from all co-authors before submission.
• Disclose relevant financial support and potential conflicts of interest.
• Take responsibility for the integrity, accuracy, and originality of their research.
• Cooperate with the journal in addressing ethical concerns related to their submissions or publications.

Authors are expected to notify the journal if they discover significant errors in their published work that may affect the accuracy or interpretation of the research.

Authorship and Contribution

Authorship should accurately reflect substantial contributions to the conception, design, research, analysis, interpretation, or writing of the manuscript.

All listed authors must approve the final version of the manuscript and agree to its submission. Individuals who have made significant contributions should receive appropriate recognition.

Conflicts of Interest

Authors, reviewers, and editors must disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest that could influence the research, evaluation process, or editorial decisions.

Conflicts may include personal, professional, financial, institutional, or academic relationships that could affect impartial judgment.

Confidentiality

All manuscripts submitted to SPIR are treated as confidential documents.

Editors, reviewers, and editorial staff must not disclose information about submitted manuscripts except to individuals directly involved in the evaluation and publication process.

Confidential information obtained through manuscript evaluation must not be used for personal, professional, or research purposes without appropriate authorization.

Research Integrity and Misconduct

SPIR considers research misconduct and unethical scholarly practices unacceptable.

Examples of misconduct include:

• Fabrication or falsification of research data.
• Misrepresentation of research findings.
• Improper authorship practices.
• Citation manipulation.
• Duplicate or redundant research practices.
• Misappropriation of intellectual contributions.

The journal investigates allegations of misconduct carefully and takes appropriate actions to protect the integrity of the scholarly record.

Ethical Commitment

SPIR is committed to promoting responsible research practices, academic integrity, transparency, and ethical scholarly communication. The journal continuously seeks to improve its editorial processes in accordance with internationally recognized standards of responsible publishing.