Spektrum Iran

Algorithm and text: Challenges of artificial intelligence in the humanities with an emphasis on german law and imami jurisprudence

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Author

Seyyed Mohammad Heidary Khormizi

Assistant Professor, Department of Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Law, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Shahid Mahallati University of Islamic Sciences, Qom, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22034/spektrum.2026.553511.1041
Abstrakt
The emergence of artificial intelligence as a semi-autonomous agent has challenged the classical paradigms of knowledge production in the humanities. This study aims to address how the legal and ethical components of responsibility for works produced with AI participation are redefined within the frameworks of Imami jurisprudence and the German legal system. This research employed a comparative-analytical approach and qualitative methodology. Data were collected through the study of authoritative jurisprudential sources, German codified laws, and scholarly articles, and analyzed using inductive reasoning. The findings reveal that the shift from a purely instrumental paradigm to one recognizing AI's relative agency has intensified three structural crises: the crisis of attribution (ambiguity regarding authorship and ownership); the crisis of originality (erosion of human creativity and scientific credibility); and the crisis of accountability (conflict in determining final responsibility). The research proposes the Proportional Responsibility model as an interdisciplinary solution, distributing responsibility among the researcher, developer, and academic institutions. By integrating foundational jurisprudential principles from Imami jurisprudence (la darar, daman, tasbib) with the advanced doctrines of German civil liability (particularly § 280 BGB and producer liability principles), the model establishes a coherent framework designed to preserve scientific integrity in humanities research in the age of artificial intelligence.

Keywords

Artificial Intelligence
Imami Jurisprudence
German Law
Algorithm and Text
Proportional Responsibility
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Spektrum Iran
Volume 39, Issue 1
January 2026
Pages 363-383

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