SPEKTRUM IRAN (SPIR) is committed to maintaining transparency, integrity, and impartiality throughout the research, peer-review, and publication processes. All authors, reviewers, editors, and editorial board members are required to disclose any actual, potential, or perceived conflicts of interest that may influence their professional judgment.
A conflict of interest exists when personal, professional, financial, academic, or institutional relationships could reasonably be perceived as affecting the objectivity, interpretation, or evaluation of scholarly work.
SPIR follows the principles and recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) regarding the disclosure and management of conflicts of interest.
Authors must disclose any relationships or circumstances that could influence, or could be perceived to influence, their research or the interpretation of their findings.
Potential conflicts of interest may include, but are not limited to:
Authors are required to declare any conflicts of interest during the submission process. Authors must also disclose all sources of financial or non-financial support and clarify the role of funders or supporting organizations in:
If no conflict of interest exists, authors should include the following statement:
“The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.”
Reviewers must disclose any potential conflicts of interest before accepting a review assignment.
Reviewers should decline to review a manuscript if they have personal, professional, financial, institutional, or academic relationships with the authors, institutions, or research that may affect their impartial evaluation.
Reviewers must maintain the confidentiality of all information obtained during the peer-review process and must not use unpublished information for personal or professional advantage.
Editors and editorial board members must disclose any conflicts of interest that may affect their editorial decisions.
Editors should not handle manuscripts in which they have personal, professional, financial, or institutional relationships that could influence their judgment. In such cases, the manuscript will be assigned to another qualified editor.
Editorial decisions must be based solely on the scholarly quality, originality, relevance, and contribution of the manuscript, without influence from personal or external interests.
All disclosed conflicts of interest will be reviewed and managed by the SPIR Editorial Office to ensure transparency and maintain the integrity of the publication process.
Where necessary, SPIR may publish relevant conflict of interest statements alongside published articles.
Failure to disclose relevant conflicts of interest may result in editorial action, including rejection of a manuscript, investigation according to COPE procedures, or publication of a correction notice.
SPIR is committed to ensuring that all stages of scholarly communication are conducted according to the highest standards of research integrity and publication ethics.
