Spektrum Iran

Dekolonisierung der literarischen KI im Zeitalter von LLMs und digitalem Neokolonialismus

Art des Dokuments : Original Research Papers

Autor

Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures, North Kargar St., between 15th and 16th St

10.22034/spektrum.2026.565038.1054
Abstrakt
Große Sprachmodelle (Large Language Models-LLMs) werden üblicherweise als neutrale technologische Fortschritte betrachtet. In den kritischen Digitalstudien wird jedoch zunehmend die Notwendigkeit empfunden und hervorgehoben, ihr Potenzial zur Aufrechterhaltung kolonialer Machtstrukturen im Cyberspace zu hinterfragen. Dieser Artikel argumentiert, dass LLMs als wirkmächtige Apparate des digitalen Neokolonialismus fungieren. Ziel ist es, dieses Phänomen im Bereich der literarischen KI zu diagnostizieren und einen dekolonialen Rahmen für deren zukünftige Entwicklung vorzuschlagen. Die Studie zeigt auf, wie die Protokolle der Datenextraktion und -verarbeitung systematisch westliche Epistemologien privilegieren. Anschließend entwickelt sie einen konzeptionellen Rahmen für die Praxis dekolonialer KI, der auf den Prinzipien der Reziprozität und epistemischen Gerechtigkeit basiert. Die Analyse hat ergeben, dass die extraktivistische Datensammlung, die von dominierenden LLMs genutzt wird, kulturelle und sprachliche Daten als ein Territorium der Aneignung behandelt, was den westlichen Literaturkanon privilegiert und marginalisierte Sprachen und Traditionen auslöscht. Dies hat zu sprachlicher Homogenisierung und epistemischer Ungerechtigkeit sowie zur Auferlegung ästhetischer Standards des globalen Westens geführt. Als Antwort darauf erzwingt der vorgeschlagene dekoloniale Rahmen einen Paradigmenwechsel von der Extraktion hin zur Reziprozität, der eine von Gemeinschaften geführte Datengovernance beinhaltet. Zudem muss KI von literarischen Autoren und Forschern als kollaboratives, ko-kreatives Werkzeug genutzt werden. Als weiteren dekolonialen Schritt müssen die eurozentrischen Bewertungskriterien in diesem Bereich konkret reformiert werden. Der dekoloniale Ansatz, der in diesem Papier vertreten wird, zielt darauf ab, die literarische KI grundlegend neu zu positionieren. Das ultimative Ziel dieser Neupositionierung ist die Förderung eines pluriversalen ästhetischen und epistemischen Regimes.

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Hauptthemen


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