Abstract

The emergence of artificial intelligence as a semi-autonomous agent has challenged the classical paradigms of knowledge production in the humanities. Employing a comparative-analytical approach and qualitative methodology, this study addresses the central question: How are the legal and ethical components of responsibility for works produced with AI participation redefined within the frameworks of Imami jurisprudence and the German legal system? Data were collected through the study of authoritative jurisprudential sources, German codified laws, and scholarly articles, and analyzed using inductive reasoning. The findings reveal that the shift from a purely instrumental paradigm to one recognizing AI's "relative agency" has intensified three structural crises: the crisis of attribution (ambiguity regarding authorship and ownership); the crisis of originality (erosion of human creativity and scientific credibility); and the crisis of accountability (conflict in determining final responsibility). In response, this research proposes the innovative "Proportional Responsibility" model as an interdisciplinary solution. This model distributes ethical and legal responsibility equitably among three key actors: the researcher (active supervision and final verification of content); the developer (transparency regarding system limitations and potential errors); and academic institutions (formulating clear standards and implementing oversight mechanisms). By integrating foundational jurisprudential principles from Imami jurisprudence—such as the rules of lā ḍarar, ḍamān, and tasbīb—with the advanced doctrines of German civil liability, particularly § 280 BGB and producer liability principles, the model establishes a coherent framework designed to preserve scientific integrity in humanities research in the age of artificial intelligence.

 Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Imami Jurisprudence; German Law; Algorithm and Text; Proportional Responsibility