Spektrum Iran

Die Geopolitik der modernen Architektur im Iran: Die Rolle schwedischer Ingenieurfirmen während der Ära Reza Schah Pahlavis

Art des Dokuments : Original Research Papers

Autoren

1 Assistenzprofessor, Fakultät für Kunst und Architektur, Tarbiat Modares Universität, Teheran, Iran

2 Doktorandin, Fakultät für Kunst und Architektur, Tarbiat Modares Universität, Teheran, Iran

10.22034/spektrum.2026.551240.1039
Abstrakt
Diese Studie untersucht die Rolle schwedischer Ingenieurfirmen bei der architektonischen Modernisierung Irans während der ersten Pahlavi-Ära und betrachtet Infrastruktur als ein bislang unzureichend erforschtes Instrument der Staatsbildung, nationalen Integration und geopolitischen Selbstbehauptung. Während der Beitrag bedeutender europäischer Ingenieurbüros zur Pahlavi-Modernisierung anerkannt ist, blieb die Rolle skandinavischer Unternehmen weitgehend unbeachtet. Die Forschung schließt diese Lücke durch die Analyse der technischen, konzeptionellen und kulturellen Dimensionen des schwedischen Engagements anhand der Weißen Brücke von Ahvaz und der Ghazian–Mian-Poshteh-Brücke. Auf Grundlage einer deskriptiv-analytischen Methodik sowie von Archivmaterialien, historischen Dokumenten, architektonischen Aufzeichnungen und Felduntersuchungen wird gezeigt, wie schwedische Akteure den Transfer modernistischer Ideen ermöglichten, räumliche Strukturen veränderten und die iranische Baukultur beeinflussten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ihre Rolle über die eines technischen Auftragnehmers hinausging. Durch die Einführung neuer Materialien wie Stahlbeton und Stahl sowie innovativer beweglicher Brückentechnologien trugen ihre Projekte zur technologischen Modernisierung bei und wurden zugleich zu Symbolen staatlicher Autorität und nationaler Modernisierungsbestrebungen. Darüber hinaus fungierten schwedische Unternehmen als kulturelle Vermittler internationaler Architekturmodelle und wirkten an einer Form der „Architekturdiplomatie“ mit. Die Studie leistet somit einen Beitrag zur transnationalen Architekturgeschichte, zum Technologietransfer und zur Geopolitik der Infrastruktur.

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