Spektrum Iran

Neubetrachtung der Spiritualität in der iranischen Architektur durch Mullā Ṣadrās transzendentale Philosophie und das vierstufige Erkenntnismodell

Art des Dokuments : Original Research Papers

Autoren

1 Assistenzprofessor, Fachbereich Kunst und Architektur, Zweigstelle Mashhad, Islamische Azad-Universität, Mashhad, Iran

2 Doktorand, Fachbereich Kunst und Architektur, Zweigstelle Maschhad, Islamische Azad-Universität, Maschhad, Iran

3 Unabhängiger Forscher, Hamburg, Deutschland

10.22034/spektrum.2026.520432.1032
Abstrakt
Die iranische Architektur hat sich im Laufe der Geschichte in enger Verbindung mit Spiritualität entwickelt. Diese Verbindung zeigt sich nicht nur in ihren räumlichen Strukturen, sondern auch in ihren philosophischen Grundlagen. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die spirituellen Dimensionen der iranischen Architektur auf der Grundlage der Transzendentalen Philosophie Mullā Ṣadrās und des Vierstufigen Erkenntnismodells zu untersuchen. Die Untersuchung folgt einem qualitativen, logisch-interpretativen Forschungsansatz und stützt sich auf Quellen der iranisch-islamischen Weisheitstradition sowie auf die Analyse ausgewählter Beispiele traditioneller iranischer Architektur, insbesondere der Scheich-Lotfollāh-Moschee. Die theoretische Grundlage bildet die Transzendentale Philosophie (al-Hikma al-Mutaʿāliyya), die auf den Prinzipien der Ursprünglichkeit des Seins (Aṣālat al-Wuǧūd), der Abstufung des Seins (Taškīk al-Wuǧūd) und der substanziellen Bewegung (al-Haraka al-Ǧawhariyya) beruht. Aus dieser Perspektive wird Architektur nicht lediglich als materielles Objekt verstanden, sondern als ein existenzielles Phänomen, das geistige und philosophische Bedeutungen verkörpert. Das Vierstufige Erkenntnismodell mit seinen Ebenen Begriffe, Grundlagen, Muster und Manifestationen ermöglicht die Analyse der Bewegung von innerer Bedeutung zu äußerer Form und umgekehrt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die iranische Architektur über funktionale und ästhetische Aspekte hinaus eine mystische und ontologische Erfahrung des Raumes ermöglicht. Die Prinzipien der Transzendentalen Philosophie Mullā Ṣadrās sowie das Vierstufige Erkenntnismodell bieten daher einen geeigneten theoretischen und methodischen Rahmen zur Interpretation und Wiederbelebung spiritueller Dimensionen in der zeitgenössischen Architektur.

Schlüsselwörter

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