Human dignity constitutes one of the foundational principles of Islamic thought and provides a normative framework for understanding humanitarian principles during armed conflict. Although international humanitarian law has received extensive scholarly attention, the relationship between human dignity and humanitarian norms within the Islamic intellectual tradition has not been systematically examined. This study investigates the conceptual foundations of human dignity, identifies the principal humanitarian norms reflected in Islamic sources, and analyzes the relationship between these two concepts. Employing qualitative content analysis and historical analysis, this study draws upon the Qur'an, the Prophetic Sunnah, the Nahj al-Balaghah, and authenticated historical sources to examine both the normative and historical dimensions of humanitarian conduct in Islam. Concepts and analytical categories were inductively derived from the texts and subsequently used to explain broader conceptual relationships. The findings demonstrate that human dignity is understood in Islam as an inherent and universal attribute shared by all human beings, irrespective of religion, ethnicity, or political affiliation. This conception serves as the normative basis for humanitarian principles governing armed conflict. Accordingly, prioritizing peaceful settlement, refraining from initiating hostilities, protecting civilians, respecting the wounded, prisoners of war, and those hors de combat, prohibiting treachery and mutilation, and maintaining negotiations throughout hostilities emerge not merely as ethical recommendations but as practical manifestations of the principle of human dignity. The study further argues that these principles apply equally to both domestic and international armed conflicts and are not confined to relations among Muslims. The study concludes that human dignity functions as the philosophical and normative foundation of humanitarian law in Islam and offers a valuable basis for constructive dialogue between the Islamic legal tradition and contemporary international humanitarian law.